VARIASI PENGARUH PROGRAM BERAS MISKIN (RASKIN) TERHADAP KONSUMSI MAKANAN RUMAH TANGGA
Abstract
Beras untuk rumah tangga miskin (Raskin) merupakan salah satu program pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia yang sudah berlangsung sejak 21 tahun lalu, namun pengaruhnya terhadap konsumsi rumah tangga masih menimbulkan perdebatan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji adanya variasi pengaruh program Raskin terhadap konsumsi makanan pada berbagai kelompok rumah tangga berdasarkan pengeluaran dengan menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 2014. Model estimasi yang digunakan adalah regresi multivariat dengan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada rumah tangga penerima Raskin, kelompok paling miskin (20% terbawah) secara relatif mengalokasikan sumber daya lebih banyak untuk konsumsi beras dan makanan pokok dibanding kelompok kurang miskin (20% teratas). Sementara itu, kelompok rumah tangga kurang miskin secara relatif membelanjakan uang lebih banyak untuk makanan bernutrisi, seperti telur dan susu, daging dan ikan. Namun, proporsi konsumsi rokok dan alkohol juga lebih tinggi pada rumah tangga kurang miskin. Temuan studi ini mendorong perlunya perbaikan sasaran program Raskin karena manfaatnya lebih banyak dinikmati oleh rumah tangga kurang miskin dibanding rumah tangga paling miskin.
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