ANALISIS DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL (HKI) TERHADAP KINERJA KERJASAMA LISENSI BIDANG PERTANIAN
Abstract
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kebijakan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI)  terhadap kinerja kerjasama lisensi bidang pertanian. Kajian dilakukan dengan data sekunder pada tahun 2010-2015. Hasil kajian diperoleh bahwa kebijakan HKI Balitbangtan terdapat pada Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 06 tahun 2012 tentang Kerjasama Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, serta Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 99/Permentan/OT.140/10/2013 Tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan menteri Pertanian Nomor 06/Permentan/OT.140/2/2012 tentang Pedoman Kerjasama Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Pada periode 2005-2015 jumlah kerjasama lisensi yang dilakukan Balitbangtan sebanyak 140 kerjasama yang terdiri atas Paten (63 perjanjian), PVT (53 perjanjian) dan Rahasia Dagang (24 perjanjian). Unit kerja Balitbangtan yang sudah melakukan kerjasama lisensi paling banyak adalah Balai Besar Pengembangan Mekanisasi Pertanian (BBP Mektan) sebanyak 27 perjanjian lisensi, diikuti BBSDLP (25 lisensi ), Puslitbang Hortikultura (24 lisensi), Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan (18 lisensi), BB padi (14 lisensi) dan Puslitbang Perkebunan (13 lisensi). Jumlah perusahaan yang sudah melakukan kerjasama lisensi sebanyak 37 perusahaan dengan bidang komoditas/bidang masalah terbanyak berturut-turut pupuk dan sumber daya lahan, hortikultura, tanaman pangan, perkebunan, mekanisasi pertanian dan bioteknologi. Sampai dengan tahun 2015 Balitbangtan mengelola royalty kerjasama lisensi sebesar Rp. 3,515 milyar. Unit kerja yang menyumbang royalty paling besar adalah Balitro sebesar Rp. 2,246 milyar, dan diikuti oleh Balithi Rp. 1,177 milyar.  Kendala yang dihadapi dalam kerjasama lisensi diantarannya adalah kinerja teknologi yang belum siap dikembangkan, terbatasnya pasar, kemampuan SDM dalam menerima transfer knowledge dan hambatan regulasi.
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