Indeks Malmquist untuk Pengukuran Efisiensi dan Produktivitas Bank Syariah di Indonesia
Abstract
Perkembangan industri perbankan syariah saat ini merupakan salah satu indikator utama perkembangan ekonomi keuangan Islam secara umum di Indonesia. Dalam dunia perbankan, termasuk perbankan syariah, isu pengukuran efisiensi dan produktivitas menjadi 2 hal yang cukup penting. Studi ini mencoba menganalisis model CCR sebagai model dasar dalam DEA untuk melihat tingkat efisiensi bank umum syariah di Indonesia untuk periode 2012-2016. Selanjutnya indeks Malmquist digunakan untuk melihat tingkat produktivitas dari bank syariah, baik dari sisi perubahan efisiensinya maupun perubahan teknologi yang kemudian ditampilkan dalam bentuk kuadran 4 kelompok.
Hasil yang diperoleh dari skor indeks Malmquist (TFP Change) menunjukkan bahwa 8 bank syariah dari total 11 BUS mengalami peningkatan produktivitas, atau sekitar 73% dari keseluruhan bank umum syariah. Untuk analisis kelompok bank dengan kriteria efficiency change (EFFCH) dan technological change (TECH), terdapat 1 bank umum syariah yang berada pada kuadran 1 (technical change dan efficiency change yang tinggi), ada 4 bank syariah yang berada pada kuadran 2 (technical change yang tinggi namun efficiency change rendah), dan 6 bank syariah yang masuk ke dalam kuadran 3 (technical change rendah namun efficiency change yang tinggi). Sementara itu tidak ada satu pun bank umum syariah yang masuk kategori kuadran 4.
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