PREDICTING INDONESIAN FINANCIAL CRISES USING THE ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL

  • Syaifullah Syaifullah Center for Climate Change Financing and Multilateral Policy Fiscal Policy Agency Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia
Keywords: financial crises, artificial neural network model, early warning system model, Indonesian economy.

Abstract

This study offered a method for predicting crises in Indonesia using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The empirical findings indicated that an ANN model would have performed well in predicting crises from 1971:1 to 1995:12 (in-sample) and from 1996:1 to 1998:12 (out-of-sample), namely the Asian Financial Crisis, which hit Indonesia in 1997--1998. The empirical results indicated that financial crises can be predicted and the application of the ANN model in predicting Indonesian financial crises is promising. Thus, the government can develop an ANN model to predict recurrent financial crises and use it to provide an early warning system.

References

Berg, A. & Pattillo, C. (1999). Are currency crises predictable? A test. IMF staff papers, 46(2), 107–138.

Braspenning, P.J, Thuijsman, F. & Weijters, A.J.M.M. (eds.). (1995). Artificial neural networks: An introduction to ANN theory and practice. New York: Springer.

Bussière, M. & Fratzscher, M. (2002). Towards a new early warning system of financial crises. European Central Bank Working Paper Series, 145.

Diebold, F.X. & Rudebusch, G.D. (1989). Scoring the leading indicators. Journal of business, 62(3), 369–391.

Edison, H.J. (2000). Do indicators of financial crises work? An evaluation of an early warning system. International Finance Discussion Papers, 675.

Eichengreen, B., Rose, A. & Wyplosz, C. (1996). Contagious currency crises: First tests. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 98(4), 463–484.

Fausett, L.V. (1994). Fundamentals of neural networks: Architectures, algorithms, and applications. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

Goldstein, M., Kaminsky, G.L., & Reinhart, C.M. (2000). Assessing financial vulnerability: An early warning system for emerging markets. Washington: Institute for International Economics.

Hall, M.J.B., Muljawan, D., Suprayogi & Moorena, L. (2009). Using the artificial neural network to assess bank credit risk: A case study of Indonesia. Applied Financial Economics, 19(22), 1825–1846.

Hutchison, M.M., & Noy, I. (2002). How bad are twins? Output cost of currency and banking crises’. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 37(4), 725–752.

Kamin, S.B. & Babson, O.D. (1999). The contribution of domestic and external factors to Latin American devaluation crises: An early warning systems approach. International Finance Discussion Papers, 645.

Kamin, S.B., Schindler, J.W. & Samuel, S.L. (2007). The contribution of domestic and external factors to emerging market currency crises: An early warning systems approach. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 12(3), 317–336.

Kaminsky, G.L. (1998). Currency and banking crises: The early warnings of distress. International Finance Discussion Papers, 629.

Kaminsky, G.L., Lizondo, S. & Reinhart, C.M. (1998). Leading indicators of currency crises. IMF Staff Papers, 45(1).

Kaminsky, G.L., & Reinhart, C.M. (1998). Financial crises in Asia and Latin America: Then and now. American Economic Review, 88(1), 444–448.

Kaminsky, G.L. & Reinhart, C.M. (1999). The twin crises: The causes of banking and balance-of-payments problems. American Economic Review, 89(3), 473–500.

Laeven, L. & Valencia, F. (2008). Systemic banking crises: A new database. IMF Working Papers, WP/08/224, 1–75.

Mei, J. & Guo, L. (2004). Political uncertainty, financial crisis and market volatility. European Financial Management, 10(4), 639–657.

Nag, A.K. & Mitra, A. (1999). Neural networks and early warning indicators of currency crisis. Reserve Bank of India Occasional Paper, 20(2), 183–222.

Svozil, D., Kvasnicka, V. & Pospichal, J. (1997). Introduction to multi-layer feed-forward neural networks. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 39(1), 43–62.

Syaifullah. (2011). Understanding and predicting currency crises in Indonesia: An early warning system approach. In B.E. Alfiano, B.P. Resosudarmo, D.S. Priyarsono & A.A. Yusuf (eds.). Indonesia’s regional economy in the globalisation era. Surabaya: Yayasan Obor.

Vaaler, P.M., Schrage, B.N. & Block, S.A. (2005). Counting the investor vote: Political business cycle effects on sovereign bond spreads in developing countries’. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(1), 62-–88.

Walczak, S. & Cerpa, N. (1999). Heuristic principles for the design of artificial neural network. Information and Software Technology, 41(2), 107–117.

Werbos, P. (1974). Beyond regression: New tools for prediction and analysis in the behavioural sciences. Ph.D Thesis. Cambridge: Harvard University.

Wong, B., Lai, V. & Lam, J. (2000). A bibliography of neural network business applications research: 1994–1998. Computers and Operations Research, 27, 1045–1076.

Yu, L., Lai, K.K. & Wang, S-Y. (2006). Currency crisis forecasting with general regression neural networks. International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making, 5(3), 437–454.

Zhang, G., Patuwo, B. E., & Hu, M. Y. (1998). Forecasting with artificial neural networks: The state of the art. International Journal of Forecasting, 14, 35–62.

Zhuang, J. & Dowling, M. (2002). Causes of the 1997 Asian financial crisis: What can an early warning system model tell us?. Asian Development Bank, ERD policy briefs, 7.

Published
2013-07-31
Section
Article