Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Danau Secara Multifungsi dan Peran Komunitas Lokal di Danau Maninjau
Abstract
Danau Maninjau yang terletak di Kabupaten Agam memiliki peran penting bagi perekonomian Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Meskipun demikian, pemanfaatan secara multifungsi tanpa disertai upaya pelestarian yang berkelanjutan, mengakibatkan nilai ekonomis danau menjadi turun sehingga menimbulkan dampak negatif lain. Keberadaan budidaya keramba jaring apung (KJA) di satu sisi telah memberikan kontribusi pendapatan cukup besar kepada pemerintah daerah, namun berdampak menimbulkan konflik masyarakat. Artikel ini akan mendiskusikan masalah pemanfaatan danau untuk perekonomian daerah dan sejauh mana peran masyarakat dalam upaya pelestarian Danau Maninjau. Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan sumber hasil penelitian “Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Danau secara Multifungsi untuk Pembangunan Daerahâ€. Sumber data dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner, wawancara mendalam, Focus Group Discussion, dan observasi lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, meskipun masyarakat memiliki Environmental Attitude (sikap terhadap lingkungan) yang positif tetapi tidak sampai terwujud dalam Actual Behavior. Faktor budaya, regulasi dan pengawasan merupakan faktor yang melatarbelakangi tidak optimalnya pemanfaatan dan upaya pelestarian danau.
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