Kerja Sama Finansial OKI: Isu dan Prospek Kawasan Mata Uang Bersama
Abstract
Organisasi Kerja sama Islam (OKI) telah melakukan kesepakatan kerja sama ekonomi dan perdagangan dalam kurun waktu yang cukup lama. Untuk tahapan selanjutnya OKI diharapkan dapat menuju pada proses integrasiekonomi yang lebih tinggi seperti kerja sama di sektor ï¬nansial. Tulisan ini akan mengulas kemungkinan negara-
negara anggota OKI bekerja sama membentuk kawasan mata uang bersama. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode VAR untuk menguji kemungkinan adanya kawasan mata uang bersama diantara negara-negara anggota OKI. Dimulai dengan Negara-negara yang berada di kawasan Timur Tengah seperti Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia dan Uni Emirat Arab, analisis datadari tahun 1975-2011 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kemungkinan untuk membentuk kawasan mata uang bersama sebelum akhirnya dijadikan acuan bagi pembentukan kawasan mata uang bersama di lingkup anggota OKI. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa gejolak permintaan dan penawaran yang searah dengan gejolak struktural yang terjadi di lima negara (Iran, Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia dan Uni Emirat Arab). Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya kesamaan system nilai tukar yang di patok pada mata uang tertentu yaitu Dollar Amerika, sehingga terbuka kesempatan untuk melakukan integrasi ekonomi pada tingkat yang lebih tinggi. Namun demikian, untuk kasus Kuwait yang berlawanan dengan lima negara lainnya dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai macam factor seperti perbedaan system moneter hingga pola pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kebijakan makro di negara setempat. Sehingga factor-faktor ini dapat pula menjadi factor penghambat terjadinya kawasan mata uang bersama di antara
anggota OKI.
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