DETERMINAN PERILAKU KONSUMSI PANGAN MASYARAKAT DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA (DIY) DAN NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR (NTT)
Abstract
Kajian ini menganalisis determinan perilaku konsumsi pangan masyarakat di dua wilayah yang memiliki pola konsumsi pangan yang berbeda yaitu DI Yogyakarta (DIY) dan Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Di DIY perilaku konsumsi pangan sudah mengarah pada pola pangan sehat sehingga analisis mengarah determinan perilaku konsumsi pangan sehat. Sementara di NTT, pola perilaku konsumsi masih berorientasi pada makanan pokok sehingga analisis mengarah pada faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi konsumsi pangan pokok non beras. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur (Path Analysis) dengan pendekatan teori perilaku. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, konsumsi pangan sehat di DIY dipengaruhi oleh niat atau intensi Ibu Rumah Tangga (IRT) dalam menyajikan makanan. Intensi IRT dipengaruhi oleh sikap yang terbentuk karena adanya pemahanan dan dukungan kuat dari orang terdekat (suami). Selain itu, intensi juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh kontrol lingkungan terutama kebiasaan keluarga yang lebih suka mengkonsumsi makanan olahan sendiri. Sementara di NTT, intensi IRT dalam menyajikan makanan pokok non beras dipengaruhi oleh sikap dan kontrol lingkungan. Sikap sangat dipengaruhi oleh keterampilan dan pemahaman IRT, sedangkan kontrol lingkungan dipengaruhi kebiasaan keluarga mengkonsumsi makanan pokok non beras serta upacara keagamaan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas, maka yang perlu dilakukan oleh pemerintah agar perilaku konsumsi pangan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, antara lain: Pertama, peningkatan sosialisasi tentang pola pangan harapan (PPH) di DIY dan sosialisasi penganekaragaman makanan pokok di NTT. Kedua, adanya pelatihan pengolahan makanan sehat yang bervariasi bagi para ibu rumah tangga karena ternyata keluarga lebih menyukai makanan olahan sendiri dibandingkan dengan makanan instan.
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