Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan

Ketahanan UMKM di Indonesia menghadapi Resesi Ekonomi

2023-03-29T03:02:16+00:00

Wabah COVID-19 telah membuat ekonomi Indonesia masuk episode resesi, yang ditunjukkan oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi (y-o-y) negatif selama 2 kuartal berturut-turut, yaitu Q2-2020 sebesar -5.32% dan Q3-2020 sebesar -3.49%. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia memiliki daya tahan yang cukup kuat dalam menghadapi resesi ekonomi. Penelitian ini mewawancarai 541 UMKM dari seluruh Indonesia selama Agustus-Oktober 2020 melalui telepon dan video call. Penelitian ini juga melakukan focus group discussion (FGD) dari beberapa responden yang disurvei. Berdasarkan analisa deskriptif ditemukan bahwa 19% UMKM sudah tidak dapat bertahan, 30% UMKM masih mempertahankan karyawannya, dan 51% lainnya masih dapat bertahan. Bantuan dari pemerintah baru dirasakan oleh UMKM yang memiliki kredit dari bank. Berdasarkan pengujian t-statistik, terjadi penurunan pada seluruh indikator kinerja UMKM akibat COVID-19. Penurunan signifikan terjadi pada modal kerja (-54%), tenaga kerja (-37 %), pendapatan bulanan (-34%), tanah (-2%), dan mesin dan peralatan (-3%). Sementara itu, penurunan beban oerasional bulanan (-21%) secara statistik tidak signifikan. Kegiatan FGD menyimpulkan bahwa UMKM yang bertahan adalah yang memiliki cadangan kekayaan (hidden wealth) berupa tabungan, atau asset bangunan dan kendaraan yang dapat dijual atau digadaikan. Disaster risk management (DRM) dan penyusunan business continuity plan (BCP) merupakan hal terpenting bagi UMKM sehingga dapat bertahan dalam kondisi kritis saat bencana terjadi. Pemerintah harus mulai membantu UMKM dalam penyusunan hal tersebut. Social bonds dapat menjadi instrumen alternatif bagi pemerintah, untuk mengatasi persoalan ini.

THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL CAPITAL AND HUMAN CAPITAL (LEVEL OF EDUCATION) ON GROWTH IN INDONESIA

2023-03-20T09:54:28+00:00

The purpose of this study is to investigate, by use of relevant robust econometric modelling, physical capital and human capital, and their impact on growth in Indonesia for policy analysis. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) by Pesaran and Pesaran (1997) were chosen for supporting the relationship analysis. The important finding for policy analysis is that human capital appears to be a continuing factor shaping Indonesia’s growth, along with physical capital accumulation, with particularly strong effects for human capital arising from tertiary education. Physical capital has shown a strong and significant impact on the growth in the long run and indicates that Indonesia needs long term investment to generate growth. Such investment has distinction which related to sustainable operation such as infrastructure, sophisticated services, and venture capital. Consequently, it requires high skill labour supplied by tertiary education institutions. A further development of tertiary education next to enhancement of investment environment in manufacture and service sector should be set as priority programs in inducing growth.

Estimation of the price and income elasticities of residential electricity demand in Indonesia using household-level data

2023-03-20T09:54:28+00:00

This paper presents household-level econometric estimates of the income and price elasticities of residential electricity demand for Indonesia. Using annual household survey panel data of SUSENAS from 2011 to 2013, the estimation controls for household characteristics that significantly affect electricity consumption, such as demographic aspects, house size, and ownership of home appliances. The empirical results show that in Indonesia, the residential electricity is price- and income-inelastic, with price and income elasticities of -0.88 and 0.3, respectively. Urban residents use more electricity than their rural counterparts. Responding to the growing economy, the government should prepare a greater electricity capacity or induce a higher tariff to promote electricity savings.

PERANAN SUKU BUNGA KREDIT, CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR) DAN LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO (LDR) BAGI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA

2023-03-29T03:45:29+00:00

Controlling the banking-monetary in such a way needs to be done so that dynamic of real sector growth developed to expected way. This study is intended to analyze the role of credit interest rate instrument, development of capital adequacy ratio (CAR), and loan to deposit ratio (LDR) to Indonesian economics growth in the last ten years. By using multiple linear stepwise regression analyzing method approach, a very significant role simultaneously and partially from credit interest rate instrument and development of CAR push the Indonesian economics growth in a long term were found. Meanwhile, there’s no a significant roles from development of LDR to the Indonesia economics growth in a medium term. The modeling results have adjusted R-square of about 87,80 percent and met all the diagnostic assumption test, while 12,20 percent is explained by other variables outside the model.

THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL LAND OWNERSHIP ON THE SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING OF FARMERS IN INDONESIA

2023-03-20T09:54:28+00:00

Welfare measures began to shift to the condition of Subjective Wellbeing (SWB). Meanwhile, the welfare of farmers must be prioritized, one of which is to fulfill their basic needs in the form of agricultural land. Ironically, land inequality in Indonesia is still quite high. This study aims to see the impact of agricultural land ownership on the SWB score of farmers in Indonesia. This study uses data from the 2007 and 2014 IFLS and fixed effect estimation method and PSM to address sellection bias. Agricultural land tenure was found to have a consistent and positive effect on SWB even after controlling for income.

COVID-19 Case: Does Indonesian Need Health Endowment Fund?

2023-03-29T02:59:38+00:00

This paper aims to examine whether Indonesia needs a Health Endowment Fund (HEF) as an effort to find efficiency and effectiveness of health cover fund. Since 2014, Indonesia has officially implemented National Health Insurance (NHI or Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/JKN) according to Indonesian Law No.40/2004. The implementation of NHI is technically managed by Health Social Insurance Administration Organization (HSIAO), popularly known as Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan. Since 2014, the trend for people living with NCD increases from 2007 to 2014. This trend may lead to consequences of potential financial deficit for HSIAO in the future. Furthermore, likewise many countries, Indonesia have been facing fiscal shock due to recessions from pandemic COVID-19 and increasing deficits from health insurance claims. By applying secondary data, from IFLS 4 & 5, and the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) (formerly as known as LIPI) survey in 2020, this study investigate the effect of non-communicable disease (NCD) on household expenditures to estimate the extent of HEF is needed in Indonesia. Using regression analysis the result showed that NCD was associated with household’s expenditure per capita and access to health care and on the other hand, NCD has a negative effect on subjective perceived of health status. Therefore, HEF may be a long-term solution for the financial burden may face HSIAO to mitigate fiscal shock for the government budget.