Potensi dampak Airbnb terhadap usaha penyediaan akomodasi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta
Abstract
Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman dan kemajuan teknologi telah memunculkan berbagai Platform Sharing Economy. Platform yang terkenal saat ini GOJEK dan GRAB (transportasi online) serta AIRBNB (Penyediaan Akomodasi) menawarkan kemudahan dan efisiensi untuk menarik minat konsumen. Namun keberadaan sharing platform ini tidak serta merta diterima oleh pemilik usaha konvensional yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Hal ini terjadi karena, jenis usaha yang dijalankan oleh sharing platform umumnya merupakan usaha konvensional yang mengalami penambahan nilai dengan menggunakan teknologi informasi. Untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dampak kemunculan fenomena sharing platform terhadap kondisi industri pariwisata khususnya usaha penyedia jasa akomodasi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta digunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan mengeksplorasi fenomena sosial melalui studi kepustakaan, Focus Group Discussion serta peramalan (forecast). Berdasarkan data Airbnb sampai Juli 2018 terdapat 5.494 listing host dengan 254 host atau 7% nya merupakan super listing host yang memiliki tidak hanya 1 unit akomodasi. Pendapatan Airbnb tercatat mencapai Rp. 14,4 miliar. Jumlah ini meningkat 6,25% per bulan. Data pengguna Airbnb juga menunjukkan komposisi tamu asing dan domestik perbedaannya semakin tipis. Hasil peramalan menggunakan data tingkat penghunian kamar (TPK), diperkirakan jenis listing Entire Home akan memiliki TPK yang sama dengan hotel bintang pada Juni 2023 dan hotel non bintang pada bulan November 2023. Potensi penerimaan pajak dari Airbnb dapat mencapai Rp. 1,5 milyar per bulan. Masih minimnya peraturan mengenai digital platform sehingga perlu adanya perundangan-undangan khusus membahas digital platform, kebijakan zonasi pemilik Airbnb, pengawasan sosial serta lingkungan dan monitoring penggunaan platform Airbnb.
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