Pengaruh Qualification Mismatch terhadap Upah Tenaga Kerja Di Indonesia
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa kejadian qualification mismatch dan pengaruhnya terhadap upah tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan SAKERNAS 2018, qualification mismatch diidentifikasi menggunakan metode normatif. Vertical mismatch diperoleh dengan membandingkan tingkat pendidikan dan golongan pekerjaan (KBJI 1 digit), sedangkan horizontal mismatch membandingkan klasifikasi jurusan pendidikan (3 digit ISCED-F) dan klasifikasi jabatan (KBJI 3 digit). Pada tahun 2018, tenaga kerja yang mengalami undereducation berjumlah sebesar 4.6% dan overeducation sebesar 27.9%. Sedangkan kejadian field of study mismatch terjadi pada 68.4% tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Pengaruh qualification mismatch terhadap upah tenaga kerja diestimasi dengan menggunakan metode ordinary least square. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat wage premium sebesar 5.24%-6.24% pada tenaga kerja yang mengalami undereducation. Wage penalty sebesar 6.26%-7.50% diperoleh tenaga kerja yang mengalami overeducation, sedangkan yang mengalami field of study mismatch sebesar 5.89%-6.80%.
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